Key Ideas

1. The principle of utility is the foundation of morality. Mill argues that the only thing inherently good is happiness and that actions should be evaluated based on their ability to maximize happiness and minimize pain.

2. Utilitarianism is a consequentialist ethical theory, meaning that the morality of an action is determined by its consequences.

3. Mill distinguishes between higher and lower pleasures. Higher pleasures are those that involve the intellect and are more desirable than lower pleasures, which are purely sensory.

4. The happiness of the majority is the ultimate goal of utilit....
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