Key Ideas

1. The public sphere is a domain of communication that emerged in the 18th century as a result of the expansion of literacy and the rise of the bourgeois public. It provided a space for critical debate and discussion outside of the control of the state.

2. The public sphere was characterized by its inclusiveness, where individuals of different social classes could come together as equals to engage in rational discourse and debate.

3. Habermas argues that the public sphere was initially a space dominated by the educated bourgeoisie, but over time it expanded to include other social groups, su....
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Quiz